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All opinions rest on scanty evidence, assumptions about likely evolution of ideas, and on presumptions about which philosophy might have influenced which other Indian philosophies. The chronology of Taittiriya Upanishad, along with other Vedic era literature, is unclear. Paul Deussen states that this symbolic terminology is apt and likely reflects the root and nature of the Taittiriya Upanishad, which too is largely independent of the liturgical Yajur Veda, and is attached to the main text. Įach chapter of the Taittiriya Upanishad is called a Valli (वल्ली), which literally means a medicinal vine-like climbing plant that grows independently yet is attached to a main tree. The later root of the title comes from the nature of Taittriya Upanishad which, like the rest of "dark or black Yajur Veda", is a motley, confusing collection of unrelated but individually meaningful verses. The root of this name has been interpreted in two ways: "from Vedic sage Tittiri", who was the student of Yāska or alternatively, it being a collection of verses from mythical students who became " partridges" (birds) in order to gain knowledge. Taittiriya is a Sanskrit word that means "from Tittiri".